Korean Swords / Kore Kılıçları
![[Resim: 07QKjsO.jpg]](http://i.imgur.com/07QKjsO.jpg)
Kore tarihinin büyük bölümünde, kılıç tek bir kullanıcı için oluşturulan,
bir savunma silahıdır. Kore'de kılıçlar standarttır ve birbirinden farklı bir dizi model kılıç bulunmaz.
Kore'de kılıcın dünyaca bilinen uzun bir geçmişi vardır.
Taştan yapılan kılıç (taş kılıcı) tarih öncesi çağlarda Kore Yarımadası'nda kullanıldı.
Tarih öncesi çağlarda taş kılıcı bıçak üretimini başlatır. Taç kılıç sayesinde
Kore'de kılıç imalatına başlanır 3000 yıl boyunca böyle gider. Bu bölgelerde daha fazladır;
Kyunghung Eyaleti
Haeju ve Anak, Hwanghae Eyaleti
Yangyang ve Chuncheon, Gangwon Eyaleti
Ansun, Gyeonggi Eyaleti
Puyo, South Chungcheong Eyaleti
Andong ve Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Eyaleti
Miryang, South Gyeongsang Eyaleti
Uzun kılıçlar komutanlar ve süvariler tarafından kullanılırdı.
Bu kez kara savaşlarında çoğunlukla yürüyerek savaşılmaya başlandı.
Attaki süvariler ise düşmanlara yay veya çift bıçaklar ile saldırıyorlardı.
Kılıç sokma saldırıları, savunma vuruşu ve yakın mücadele için kullanılıyordu.
Kılıçlar çoğunlukla demirden yapılırdı. Bıçaklar ise (çift bıçaklar) ağır oluyordu bu nedenle savunma ve saldırı zor oluyordu.
Kısa kılıçlı (bıçaklı) süvariler saldırırken kendini koruyamıyordu.
Bu nedenle kısa kılıç kullanan süvariler tamamen zırhlandı.
Goryeo Dönemi
Goryeo Dönemi'nde Asya'da ticaret misyonlarında kılıç belirdi.
Joseon Kingdom / Joseon Krallığı
Kurucu ve generallere rağmen bir aile tarafından Yi bloodline'ın bu dönem Konfüçyüs kültür bilimleri, sanat ve tarım yerine savaş uygulama fikri pratik başarıları daha çok öne çıkardı.
Bir süre sonra Joseon Krallığı başladı ve generaller tarafından Konfüçyüs bilim adamlarının yangban (soylu) sınıfını kılıç takip etmeye devam etti. Kılıç günlük hayatta Joseon Krallığında Konfüçyüs idealleri tarafından korunmak için taşınamıyordu.
Kılıç bir süre sonra savaşta kullanılan yay, ateşli silahlar ve süvari birimlerinden daha değerli oldu.
Kılıçlar hala sürekli tören ve gelenekler amacıyla yapılmaya devam ediyor.
Bu kılıç türleri arasındaki en değerlileri ''Jingeom (Ejderha Kılıcı)'',
diğer değerli kılıç ise ''Ingeom (Kaplan Kılıcı)''dır. O kadar değerliydiler ki bir süre sonra sahtelerini yapmaya başladılar.
Kore'de İşgal! 1910-1945
Kore'de kılıç çok önemliydi, neredeyse bütün insanlarda birer tane olurdu ama 1910 dönemlerinde kıtlık başladı ve Japon sömürgecileri işgal sırasında her yeri tahrip etti.
Kore'de Japon sömürgemesi sonrası sistematik girişim toplandı ve Kore'deki sağlam kalan bütün kılıçlar, zırhlar getirtildi ve Kore Dövüş Sanatları donanımları yapıldı.
Japon sömürgesi sırasında Kore'de kılıç ve zırhların bütün geçmişi neredeyse sonsuza dek kaybolmuştu.
Çünkü; Japonlar Korelilerin en güçlü savunma silahlarını biliyorlardı ve ülkedeki neredeyse bütün kılıçları kırdılar ve yaktılar.
Cumhuriyet Dönemi
Japon işgalinin etkileri kapatıldıktan sonra tören kılıçlarının yapımına tekrar başlandı.
Hem Güney hem de Kuzey Kore'de 1960'larda kılıç sayesinde ticaret yeniden canlandı. Ancak Japon işgali bir çok geleneği yok etti.
Bütün kılıç dövüşleri 1950'lerde yeniden başladı. 1990 yıllarında Kılıç Dövüşçüleri ve Modern Kılıç Dövüşçüleri olarak ayrıldı.
Bir çok gelenek devam ettirildi.
Kaynak: wikipedia
Çeviri: Pellish
English
For much of Korea's history, swords were created for an individual user; thus, most Korean swords were different and did not follow a set standard model.
Korean swords have a long history little known to the world. Stone swords were used in prehistoric times throughout the Korean peninsula.
Stone swords from prehistoric times begin the history of Korean blade manufacturing. Prehistoric finds offer suggestions that Korean sword manufacturing may go back as far as 3000 years. These finds span:
* Kyunghung Province
* Haeju and Anak, Hwanghae Province
* Yangyang and Chuncheon, Gangwon Province
* Ansun,Gyeonggi Province
* Puyo, South Chungcheong Province
* Andong and Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province
* Miryang, South Gyeongsang Province
Long swords were used by commanders and cavalry. At this time land warfare consisted mostly of spearmen and bowmen on foot, mounted archers on horseback using two-handed bows, and mounted swordsmen with twin blades. Swords were used for shock attacks, defensive strokes, and for close-in fighting. Blades were heavy as they were made mostly of iron, and pommels were often knobbed and used as balances or for very close-in work. Short swords may have been used in follow-up attacks, as short sword carriers were armoured completely.
Goryeo Period
Goryeo period exported certain amounts of swords in trade missions in Asia.
Joseon Kingdom
Despite founding and continued by a family of generals, the Yi bloodline, the Confucian culture of this period placed more emphasis on intellectual and practical achievements in the sciences and arts and agriculture rather than on martial practices.
While the Joseon Kingdom was begun and continued by generals, the yangban (noble) class of Confucian scholars did not pursue swordsmanship. Swords were not carried in daily life, in keeping with the Confucian ideals of the Joseon Kingdom. Bows, firearms, and cavalry units were valued more than swords as they were the primary weapons used in battle.
Swords were still made continuously for ceremonial and traditional purposes. Of note among these sword types are two series of jingeom (dragon sword) and ingeom (tiger sword), which by tradition could be forged only at certain times.
In occupied Korea, 1910 to 1945
Korean swords are very scarce, since most surviving examples were confiscated and destroyed during the Japanese colonial occupation. A systematic attempt was made to collect and destroy all Korean swords, coats of armour, and all Korean martial arts equipment. The entire history of Korean swords and armour was almost lost forever, along with much of Korea's culture and traditions.
Republic period
In 1945, with the unconditional surrender of Japan, and the freeing of Korea into allied hands, ceremonial swords once again began to be made both in the south, and the north, and by the 1960s, sword-making had begun again, but with many traditions and techniques lost. The reconstruction of swordmaking began in the 1950s, and has only by the mid-1990s come back to expert levels comparable to the times before the Japanese occupation. However, almost all of the swordsmakers were trained in Japanese swordmaking, which the tradition of modern swordmaking is heavily influenced with Japanese techniques.
Çeviri: Pellish
English
For much of Korea's history, swords were created for an individual user; thus, most Korean swords were different and did not follow a set standard model.
Korean swords have a long history little known to the world. Stone swords were used in prehistoric times throughout the Korean peninsula.
Stone swords from prehistoric times begin the history of Korean blade manufacturing. Prehistoric finds offer suggestions that Korean sword manufacturing may go back as far as 3000 years. These finds span:
* Kyunghung Province
* Haeju and Anak, Hwanghae Province
* Yangyang and Chuncheon, Gangwon Province
* Ansun,Gyeonggi Province
* Puyo, South Chungcheong Province
* Andong and Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province
* Miryang, South Gyeongsang Province
Long swords were used by commanders and cavalry. At this time land warfare consisted mostly of spearmen and bowmen on foot, mounted archers on horseback using two-handed bows, and mounted swordsmen with twin blades. Swords were used for shock attacks, defensive strokes, and for close-in fighting. Blades were heavy as they were made mostly of iron, and pommels were often knobbed and used as balances or for very close-in work. Short swords may have been used in follow-up attacks, as short sword carriers were armoured completely.
Goryeo Period
Goryeo period exported certain amounts of swords in trade missions in Asia.
Joseon Kingdom
Despite founding and continued by a family of generals, the Yi bloodline, the Confucian culture of this period placed more emphasis on intellectual and practical achievements in the sciences and arts and agriculture rather than on martial practices.
While the Joseon Kingdom was begun and continued by generals, the yangban (noble) class of Confucian scholars did not pursue swordsmanship. Swords were not carried in daily life, in keeping with the Confucian ideals of the Joseon Kingdom. Bows, firearms, and cavalry units were valued more than swords as they were the primary weapons used in battle.
Swords were still made continuously for ceremonial and traditional purposes. Of note among these sword types are two series of jingeom (dragon sword) and ingeom (tiger sword), which by tradition could be forged only at certain times.
In occupied Korea, 1910 to 1945
Korean swords are very scarce, since most surviving examples were confiscated and destroyed during the Japanese colonial occupation. A systematic attempt was made to collect and destroy all Korean swords, coats of armour, and all Korean martial arts equipment. The entire history of Korean swords and armour was almost lost forever, along with much of Korea's culture and traditions.
Republic period
In 1945, with the unconditional surrender of Japan, and the freeing of Korea into allied hands, ceremonial swords once again began to be made both in the south, and the north, and by the 1960s, sword-making had begun again, but with many traditions and techniques lost. The reconstruction of swordmaking began in the 1950s, and has only by the mid-1990s come back to expert levels comparable to the times before the Japanese occupation. However, almost all of the swordsmakers were trained in Japanese swordmaking, which the tradition of modern swordmaking is heavily influenced with Japanese techniques.
''Biri seni severse sen olduğun için seviyordur...
Eğer seni değiştirmek isterse bu aşk değildir, yalnız anlaşmadır...''
Eğer seni değiştirmek isterse bu aşk değildir, yalnız anlaşmadır...''
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