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**Wando** · (Son Düzenleme: 31-12-2011, Saat: 3:53, Düzenleyen: gurbetçiceqi.)

Goguryeo Krali Dongmyeongseongwang (M.Ö. 58 - 19 / M.Ö. 37 - 19), dogdugu isimle Jumong olarak bilinmekle birlikte, Kore'nin Üç Krallik Dönemi'nin kuzeydeki Goguryeo'nun kurucusudur. Gwanggaeto Dikilitas'inda Chumowang (Kral Chumo) olarak anilmaktadir. Üç Krallik Dönemi'nin andaçlari Samguk Sagi ve Samguk Yusa'da, adi Jumong, soyadi Go olarak kaydedilmistir. Samguk Sagi'de Chumo veya Sanghae olarak belirtilmistir. Bu isim diger kayitlarda Chumong (추몽), Jungmo (중모) veya Domo (도모) olarak yer almistir.

DOGUMU
Goguryeo'nun efsanesi Gwanggaeto Dikilitasi dahil olmak üzere eski Kore metinlerinde hikaye edilmistir. Bilinen en iyi çeviriler ufak degisikliklerle Samguk Sagi, Samguk Yusa ve Dongguk Isanggukjip Dongmyeongwangpyeon'da yapilmistir.

Jumong'un babasinin gerçekte kim oldugu konusunda anlasmazliklar vardir. Bazi Kore metinlerinde Jumong, Hae Mosu (Cennetin Oglu) ve Yuhwa (Nehir Tanrisi Habaek'in Kizi)'nin oglu olarak tarif edilmektedir. Hae Mosu'nun, Yuhwa'ya nehirde yikanirken rast geldigi; ancak nehir tanrisi cennete dönen Hae Mosu'nun bu davranisini tasvip etmedigi rivayet edilmektedir. Nehir tanrisi, Yuhwa'yi, Dongbuyeo'nun Krali Geumwa'yla karsilasip onun cariyesi oldugu Ubalsu'ya kadar takip etti. Yuhwa'nin, günes isigiyla hamile kalip, bir yumurta dogurdu. Geumwa bu yumurtayi yok edip, kendisini kötülüklerden koruyan hayvanlara verip beslemeyi denedi. Geumhwa, Yuhwa'ya döndü. Yumurtadan, Korece'de "Usta Okçu" olarak ifade edilen, Jumong adinda erkek bir bebek çikti. Oysa son yapilan incelemelerde Jumong, Hae Mo-Su'nun torunu Buliji'nin oglu olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu incelemeler ayni zamanda, Hae Mosu ve onun soyundan gelenlerin Gojoseon'un en güçlü halefleri olarak Buyeo'yu; Jumong'un Goguryeo'yu kuruncaya kadar yönettiklerini göstermektedir.

DONGBUYEO'DAN AYRILISI
Jumong, okçuluktaki olaganüstü yetenekleriyle bilinirdi. Sonunda Geumhwa'nin ogullari onu kiskanmaya basladi ve Jumong Dongbuyeo'dan ayrilmak zorunda kaldi. Efsaneye göre, hizla akan bir nehirle ayni derecede atiyla kaçmistir. Kaplumbaglar ve suda yasayan yaratiklar, suyun içinden yükselerek bir köprü olusturdular. Nehrin güneyine girdigi zaman, Bukbuyeo'nun yönetimindeki bulunan, Jolbon'un hükümdari Go Museo Dangun tarafindan karsilandi. Go Museo, Jumong'un siradan biri olmadigini bildigi için kizi So Seo-no'yu evlenmesi için vermistir. Kayinpederinin M.Ö. 37'deki ölümünün ardindan Jumong Bukbuyeo'nun 7. Dangun'u oldu ve kralligi merkezilestirmek için Jolbon'un içindeki kabilelerin hepsini birlestirdi.

GOGURYEO'NUN ILK KRALI
M.Ö. 37'de Jumong, Goguryeo'yu kurdu ve ülkenin ilk Taewang'i (Ulu Kral) oldu. Ayni yil, Biryu Krali Songyang, teslim olduktan sonra, Jumong'un yardimiyla Malgal Kabilesi'ni istila ederek bozguna ugratti. M.Ö. 34'de Jolbon-Seong, imparatorluk sarayinin bitirilmesiyle Goguryeo'nun ilk baskenti oldu. Dört yil sonra M.Ö. 28'de Jumong, General Bu Wiyeom'u Okjeo Kralligi'ni fethetmesi için gönderdi. Ayni yil içinde Jumong'un annesi Yuhwa, Dongbuyeo'da sarayda öldü ve Kraliçe olmasina ragmen kendisine Kraliyet Esi defin töreni yapildi. Jumong, Kral Geumwa'ya minnetini göstermek için eli açik davranarak bir ulak ve beraberinde birçok hediye gönderdi. M.Ö. 19'da Jumong'un ilk esi Ye Soya, ogullari Yuri'yle Dongbuyeo'ya kaçarak Goguryeo'ya ayak basti. Ye, böylece imparatoriçe oldu. Jumong'un ikinci karisi Soseuno ise Goguryeo'nun gelecegi için ogullarinin durumlarindan endise ediyordu. Soseuno, Goguryeo'dan iki oglu ve halkin bir kismiyla Kore Yarimadasi'nin daha da güneyine, bugünkü Güney Kore'nin oldugu yere hareket ettiler. Orada Baekje'yi kurdu. Jumong, ilk oglu Yuri'yi veliaht prens ve tahtin halefi olarak atadi.

ÖLÜMÜ VE HALEFI
Jumong, M.Ö. 19'da 40 yasidayken öldü. Veliaht Prens Yuri, babasini piramit bir mezara defnetti ve ölümünden sonra Chumo-Seong Wang adini verdi.

MIRASI
Jumong'un Goguryeo Kralligi, en sonunda büyük bir bölgesel güç haline geldi. Goguryeo, Go Kraliyet Ailesi'ne mensup 28 kral tarafindan yönetilerek, Shilla-Tang Ittifaki'yla fethedilinceye kadar 705 yil ayakta kaldi. Balhae ve Goryeo'nun basardigi gibi Jumong'un soyundan gelen modern torunlari "Go" aile adini tasimaktadirlar.

AILESI
Baba: Hae Mosu
Anne: Yuhwa
Büyüten Baba: Dongbuyeo Krali Geumhwa
Ilk Esi: Lady Ye
Çocugu: Yuri (Kral Yuri)
Ikinci Esi: So Seo-no
Çocuklari: Biryu ve Onjo.

Çeviri: Wando

English
King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo
King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo (58 - 19 BCE, r. 37 – 19 BCE),"Dongmyeongseongwang"(東明聖王) also known by his birth name Jumong, was the founding monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the Gwanggaeto Stele, he is called Chumo-wang (King Chumo). In the Samguk Sagi and the Samguk Yusa, he is recorded as Jumong, with the surname Go. The Samguk Sagi states that he was also known as Chumo or Sanghae (상해, 象解). The name is also transcribed in other records as Chumong (추몽, 鄒蒙), Jungmo (중모, 中牟 or 仲牟), or Domo (도모, 都牟).

BIRTH
The founding myth of Goguryeo are related in ancient Korean texts, including the Gwanggaeto stele. The best known version is found, with slight variations, in the Samguk Sagi, Samguk Yusa, and the Dongmyeongwangpyeon of the Dongguk Isanggukjip.

There have been disputes over who the father of Jumong really was. In some Korean text, Jumong is described as the son of Hae Mosu (解慕漱:the son of heaven) and Yuhwa (柳花:daughter of the river god Habaek (河伯)). It is said that Hae Mosu met Yuhwa by a river where she was bathing, but the river god disapproved of Hae Mosu, who returned to heaven. The river god chased Yuhwa away to Ubalsu (優渤水), where she met and became the concubine of King Geumwa of Dongbuyeo. Yuwha was impregnated by sunlight and gave birth to an egg. Geumwa tried to destroy the egg, and tried to feed it to animals, who instead protected the egg from harm. Geumwa returned it to Yuhwa. From the egg hatched a baby boy, who was named Jumong, meaning "skilled archer" in Korean.

LEAVING DONGBUYEO
Jumong was known for his exceptional skill at archery. Eventually, Geumwa's sons became jealous of him, and Jumong was forced to leave Dongbuyeo. According to legend, as he fled on his horse, he approached a fast-running river. Turtles and creatures of the water rose up and formed a bridge. When he entered the land south of the river, he was greeted by Go Museo Dangun, who was the ruler of Jolbon, which was Bukbuyeo under a changed state-name. Go Museo knew that Jumong was not an ordinary man and gave his daughter So Seo-No in marriage. After the death of his father-in-law in 37 BC, Jumong became the 7th Dangun of Bukbuyeo, and reunited all of the five tribes of Jolbon into one centralized kingdom.

THE FIRST KING OF GOGURYEO
In 37 BC, Jumong established Goguryeo, and became its first "Supreme King". During that same year, King Songyang of Biryu surrendered to him after receiving assistance in defeating the Malgal tribe that had invaded. In 34 BC, Jolbon-Seong, Goguryeo's first capital city, was completed, along with the imperial palace. Four years later, in 28 BC, Jumong sent General Bu Wiyeom to conquer the kingdom of Okjeo. During that same year, Jumong's mother, Yuhwa, died in the palace of Dongbuyeo, and was given the burial ceremony of a Royal Queen even though she was a Royal Wife. Jumong sent a messenger and numerous gifts to King Geumwa in gratitude of his generous act. In 19 BC, Jumong's first wife Ye Soya fled Dongbuyeo with their son, Yuri, and entered Goguryeo. Ye became the empress, causing tension as Jumong's second wife, Soseuno, feared for her sons' positions in the future of Goguryeo. Soseuno left Goguryeo with her two sons and some of the people and headed further south into the Korean peninsula, what is now South Korea. There she built BaekJe. Jumong named his first son Yuri as the crown prince and successor to the throne.

DEATH AND SUCCESSION
Jumong died in 19 BC at the age of 40. Crown Prince Yuri buried his father in a pyramid tomb, and gave him the posthumous name of Chumo-Seong wang.

LEGACY
Jumong's kingdom of Goguryeo eventually grew into a great regional power. Goguryeo stood for 705 years and was ruled by a total of 28 kings in the Go Royal Family until it was conquered by the Silla-Tang alliance. Balhae and Goryeo succeeded it, and the modern descendants of Jumong still bear his family name "Go."

FAMILY
Father: Hae Mosu
Mother: Yuhwa
Foster Father: Geumwa, the king of Dongbuyeo
1st Wife: Lady Ye
Issue: Yuri (King Yuri)
2nd Wife: Lady So Seo-no
Issue:
1. Biryu
2. Onjo (King Onjo)