Jeongjo / 정조 (Joseon)
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Kral Jeongjo (1752-1800) Joseon Hanedanligi'nin 22. hükümdaridir. Ülkenin gelismesi için çesitli reformlara girismesi nedeniyle Joseon'da reformcu hükümdar olarak kabul edilir. Büyükbabasi Kral Yeongjo (1724-1776)'dan sonra ve oglu Kral Sunjo (r. 1800-1834)'dan önce gelmekteydi. Kendisi birçok kisi tarafindan Joseon'da Kral Sejong'la beraber en basarili ve ilerigörüslü hükümdar olarak kabul edilmektedir.
GENÇLIGI
Babasi Kral Yeongjo tarafindan öldürülen Veliaht Prens Sado'nun ogludur. Annesi Hanimefendi Hyegyeong'un yazdigi "Hanimefendi Hyegyeong'un Hatirati" adli otobiyografisinde Kore'nin Talihsiz Veliaht Prensesi olarak yasamini ayrintilariyla anlatmistir. Paha biçilemeyecek kadar degerli olan bu eser Kral Yeongjo, Kral Jeongjo ve Kral Sunjo'nun saltanatlari süresince yasanan politik olaylara kaynaklik etmektedir. Reformu nedeniyle Kral Jeongjo, kralin gücünü gelistirmesi için çok çalisan ancak sonunda suikast girisiminde bulunan ihtilafli politikaci Hong Guk-yeong ile tanismistir. Jeongjo, babasinin adini temize çikarmak için uzun süre saltanatta kalmistir. Sarayin yani sira babasinin mezarinin da bulundugu sehir olan Suwon'a gitmistir. Babasinin mezarini korumasi için Hwaseong Kalesi'ni yaptirmistir. Kale, bugün UNESCO Dünya Miras Alani olarak kabul edilmektedir.
TAHTA ÇIKISI
Bulundugu dönem babasinin öldürülmesiyle oldukça karisiklik içindeydi. Kral Yeongjo'nun en son karari Prens Sado'ya karsi olan sözü geçen nüfuz sahibi politikacilar araciligiyla Prens Sado'yu öldürmekti. Bu olaydan sonra çok sayida çalkantili zamanlar yasadiysa da Hong Guk-yeong'un yardimiyla üstesinden geldi.
RÖNESANSI
Kral Jeongjo, Joseon Hanedanligi'nda yeni rönesanslara öncülük etti. Baslangiçta Yeongjo'nun Tangpyeong politikasina devam ederek adim atildi. Ulusal kalkinmanin menfaati için, ulusun tüm politikasini kontrol etmeyi denedi. Saltanatinda birçok degisik reformlar yapti, özellikle imparatorluga ait bir kütüphane olan Kyujanggak (규장각)'i kurmustur. Bununla birlikte amaci Joseon'un kültürel ve politik tutumunu gelistirmek ve yetenekli devlet memurlariyla ulusu yönetmekti. Ayni zamanda sosyal konumlari yüzünden yasaklanmis olanlara yönetim kadrolarini açarak cesur yeni sosyal inisiyatife öncülük etmistir. Joseon'da soylu siniftan gelen bir babadan (yangban) ve alt sinif bir anneden (cheonmin) dogan bir kisi yari kan tasidigi için "lekelenmis" olarak görüleceginden idari islerde çalismasi yasaklanmisti. Ayrica Kore'nin tarihinde çogu zaman yer almis olan kraliçenin akrabalarini ve çok sayidaki varlikli aristokratlari azaltmak için hüküm verilmistir. Jeongjo, birçok Silhak bilginine destek olarak hem kraliyet gücünü artirmis hem de Joseon'un popüler kültürünün ileri gitmesini saglamistir.
ÖLÜMÜ
Joseon'da bu gibi yenilikçi kisilerin statülerine ragmen tarihi bir ünvan almistir. Jeongjo'nun döneminde diger uluslar ilerleme için birçok iç savasla kendilerini göstermistir. Ancak ani ölümünden dolayi basarmak istediklerini basaramamistir. Oglu Sunjo'nun gerçeklestirmek istediklerini göremeden esrarengiz bir sebepten dolayi 1800 yilinda ölmüstür. Jeongjo'nun bu esrarengiz ölümü hakkinda bugün bile birçok kitap vardir. Hwaseong sehrinde bulunan Geonneung kraliyet mezarliginda esiyle beraber defnedilmistir.
AILESI
Babasi: Prens Sado (1735-1762)
Annesi: Hong Boyu'na mensup Kraliçe Heongyeong (1735-1815)
Esleri:
1. Kim Boyu'na mensup Kraliçe Hyoui (1753-1821)
2. Hong Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Won (1766-1779)
3. Yun Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Hwa (1765-1824)
4. Seong Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Ui (1753-1786)
5. Park Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Su (1770-1822)
Çocuklari:
1. Prens Sanggye (1770-1786), Hong Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Won'dan tek oglu.
2. Varis Prens Munhyo (1782-1786), Seong Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Ui'den tek oglu.
3. Kral Sunjo (1790-1834), Park Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Su'dan tek oglu.
4. Seong Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Ui'den tek kizi.
5. Prenses Sukseon (1793-1836), Park Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Su'dan tek kizi.
Kaynak / Source
English
Jeongjo / 정조 (Joseon)
King Jeongjo (1752–1800) was the 22nd ruler of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. Because of his various attempts to reform and improve the nation, King Jeongjo is regarded as the reformation ruler in Joseon. He was preceded by his grandfather King Yeongjo (1724–1776) and succeeded by his son King Sunjo (r. 1800–1834). He is widely regarded as one of the most successful and visionary rulers of Joseon along with King Sejong.
EARLY LIFE
He was the son of Crown Prince Sado, who was put to death by his own father, King Yeongjo. His mother, Lady Hyegyeong, wrote an autobiography, The Memoirs of Lady Hyegyeong (한중록, 閑中錄), detailing her life as the ill-fated Crown Princess of Korea. This collection of memoirs serve as an invaluable source of historical information on the political happenings during the reigns of King Yeongjo, King Jeongjo and King Sunjo.
When he was the the Crown Prince, King Jeongjo met Hong Guk-yeong (홍국영, 洪國榮), a controversial politician who first strongly supported Jeongjo's accession and toiled to improve the king's power, but ended up being expelled because of his desire for power.
Jeongjo spent much of his reign trying to clear his father's name. He also moved the court to the city of Suwon to be closer to his father's grave. He built Hwaseong Fortress to guard the tomb. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
ACCESION
His era was quite in disorder as his father was forcefully killed. King Yeongjo's ultimate decision to execute Prince Sado was greatly influenced by other politicians who were against Prince Sado.
From this, he went through many turbulent times but overcame them with the aid of Hong Guk-yeong.
RENAISSANCE
King Jeongjo led the new renaissance of Joseon dynasty. It was originally stepped by continuing policy of Tangpyeong, Yeongjo's. He tried to control whole politics of the nation for acquisition of national progress.
He made various reforms throughout his reign, notably establishing Kyujanggak (규장각), an imperial library. However, its purpose was to improve the cultural and political stance of Joseon and to recruit gifted officers to run the nation. He also spearheaded bold new social initiatives, opening government positions to those who were barred because of their social status. In Joseon Korea, a man who was born of a yangban (nobility) father and a cheonmin (low status) mother was prohibited by law by seeking government employment, because of the perceived "taint" of half-blood. Also, it was created to lessen the grip of various wealthy aristocrats and relatives of the queen, which had occurred various times throughout Korea's history. Jeongjo had the support of the many Silhak scholars, in addition to Silhak scholars aid of Jeongjo's regal power, and during the Jeongjo's reign Joseon's popular culture became advance.
DEATH
He got the wide historical title of innovative people in spite of having such high status in Joseon. In the era of Jeongjo, other nations had shown much progress such several civil wars. But he did not achieve further achievement owing to sudden death. He died suddenly in 1800 for a mysterious reason, without seeing his lifelong wishes realized by his son, Sunjo. There are many books regarding the mysterious death of Jeongjo, even today.
He is buried with his wife at the royal tomb of Geonneung (건릉, 健陵) in the city of Hwaseong.
FAMILY
Father: Prince Sado (사도세자, 1735-1762)
Mother: Queen Heongyeong of the Hong clan (헌경왕후 홍씨, 1735-1815)
Consorts:
1. Queen Hyoui of the Kim clan (효의왕후 김씨, 1753-1821)
2. Royal Noble Consort Won of the Hong clan (원빈 홍씨, 1766-1779)
3. Royal Noble Consort Hwa of the Yun clan (화빈 윤씨, 1765-1824)
4. Royal Noble Consort Ui of the Seong clan (의빈 성씨, 1753-1786)
5. Royal Noble Consort Su of the Park clan (수빈 박씨, 1770-1822)
Issue:
1. Prince Sanggye (상계군, 1770-1786), An Adoptive Son of Royal Noble Consort Won of the Hong clan.
2. Prince Successor Munhyo (문효세자, 1782-1786), Only Son of Royal Noble Consort Ui of the Seong clan.
3. Sunjo of Joseon (순조 ,1790-1834), Only Son of Royal Noble Consort Su of the Park clan.
4. A daughter of Royal Noble Consort Ui of the Seong clan
5. Princess Sukseon (숙선옹주, 1793-1836) Only daughter of Royal Noble Consort Su of the Park clan.
Kral Jeongjo (1752-1800) Joseon Hanedanligi'nin 22. hükümdaridir. Ülkenin gelismesi için çesitli reformlara girismesi nedeniyle Joseon'da reformcu hükümdar olarak kabul edilir. Büyükbabasi Kral Yeongjo (1724-1776)'dan sonra ve oglu Kral Sunjo (r. 1800-1834)'dan önce gelmekteydi. Kendisi birçok kisi tarafindan Joseon'da Kral Sejong'la beraber en basarili ve ilerigörüslü hükümdar olarak kabul edilmektedir.
GENÇLIGI
Babasi Kral Yeongjo tarafindan öldürülen Veliaht Prens Sado'nun ogludur. Annesi Hanimefendi Hyegyeong'un yazdigi "Hanimefendi Hyegyeong'un Hatirati" adli otobiyografisinde Kore'nin Talihsiz Veliaht Prensesi olarak yasamini ayrintilariyla anlatmistir. Paha biçilemeyecek kadar degerli olan bu eser Kral Yeongjo, Kral Jeongjo ve Kral Sunjo'nun saltanatlari süresince yasanan politik olaylara kaynaklik etmektedir. Reformu nedeniyle Kral Jeongjo, kralin gücünü gelistirmesi için çok çalisan ancak sonunda suikast girisiminde bulunan ihtilafli politikaci Hong Guk-yeong ile tanismistir. Jeongjo, babasinin adini temize çikarmak için uzun süre saltanatta kalmistir. Sarayin yani sira babasinin mezarinin da bulundugu sehir olan Suwon'a gitmistir. Babasinin mezarini korumasi için Hwaseong Kalesi'ni yaptirmistir. Kale, bugün UNESCO Dünya Miras Alani olarak kabul edilmektedir.
TAHTA ÇIKISI
Bulundugu dönem babasinin öldürülmesiyle oldukça karisiklik içindeydi. Kral Yeongjo'nun en son karari Prens Sado'ya karsi olan sözü geçen nüfuz sahibi politikacilar araciligiyla Prens Sado'yu öldürmekti. Bu olaydan sonra çok sayida çalkantili zamanlar yasadiysa da Hong Guk-yeong'un yardimiyla üstesinden geldi.
RÖNESANSI
Kral Jeongjo, Joseon Hanedanligi'nda yeni rönesanslara öncülük etti. Baslangiçta Yeongjo'nun Tangpyeong politikasina devam ederek adim atildi. Ulusal kalkinmanin menfaati için, ulusun tüm politikasini kontrol etmeyi denedi. Saltanatinda birçok degisik reformlar yapti, özellikle imparatorluga ait bir kütüphane olan Kyujanggak (규장각)'i kurmustur. Bununla birlikte amaci Joseon'un kültürel ve politik tutumunu gelistirmek ve yetenekli devlet memurlariyla ulusu yönetmekti. Ayni zamanda sosyal konumlari yüzünden yasaklanmis olanlara yönetim kadrolarini açarak cesur yeni sosyal inisiyatife öncülük etmistir. Joseon'da soylu siniftan gelen bir babadan (yangban) ve alt sinif bir anneden (cheonmin) dogan bir kisi yari kan tasidigi için "lekelenmis" olarak görüleceginden idari islerde çalismasi yasaklanmisti. Ayrica Kore'nin tarihinde çogu zaman yer almis olan kraliçenin akrabalarini ve çok sayidaki varlikli aristokratlari azaltmak için hüküm verilmistir. Jeongjo, birçok Silhak bilginine destek olarak hem kraliyet gücünü artirmis hem de Joseon'un popüler kültürünün ileri gitmesini saglamistir.
ÖLÜMÜ
Joseon'da bu gibi yenilikçi kisilerin statülerine ragmen tarihi bir ünvan almistir. Jeongjo'nun döneminde diger uluslar ilerleme için birçok iç savasla kendilerini göstermistir. Ancak ani ölümünden dolayi basarmak istediklerini basaramamistir. Oglu Sunjo'nun gerçeklestirmek istediklerini göremeden esrarengiz bir sebepten dolayi 1800 yilinda ölmüstür. Jeongjo'nun bu esrarengiz ölümü hakkinda bugün bile birçok kitap vardir. Hwaseong sehrinde bulunan Geonneung kraliyet mezarliginda esiyle beraber defnedilmistir.
AILESI
Babasi: Prens Sado (1735-1762)
Annesi: Hong Boyu'na mensup Kraliçe Heongyeong (1735-1815)
Esleri:
1. Kim Boyu'na mensup Kraliçe Hyoui (1753-1821)
2. Hong Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Won (1766-1779)
3. Yun Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Hwa (1765-1824)
4. Seong Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Ui (1753-1786)
5. Park Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Su (1770-1822)
Çocuklari:
1. Prens Sanggye (1770-1786), Hong Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Won'dan tek oglu.
2. Varis Prens Munhyo (1782-1786), Seong Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Ui'den tek oglu.
3. Kral Sunjo (1790-1834), Park Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Su'dan tek oglu.
4. Seong Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Ui'den tek kizi.
5. Prenses Sukseon (1793-1836), Park Boyu'na mensup Asilzade Esi Su'dan tek kizi.
Kaynak / Source
English
Jeongjo / 정조 (Joseon)
King Jeongjo (1752–1800) was the 22nd ruler of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. Because of his various attempts to reform and improve the nation, King Jeongjo is regarded as the reformation ruler in Joseon. He was preceded by his grandfather King Yeongjo (1724–1776) and succeeded by his son King Sunjo (r. 1800–1834). He is widely regarded as one of the most successful and visionary rulers of Joseon along with King Sejong.
EARLY LIFE
He was the son of Crown Prince Sado, who was put to death by his own father, King Yeongjo. His mother, Lady Hyegyeong, wrote an autobiography, The Memoirs of Lady Hyegyeong (한중록, 閑中錄), detailing her life as the ill-fated Crown Princess of Korea. This collection of memoirs serve as an invaluable source of historical information on the political happenings during the reigns of King Yeongjo, King Jeongjo and King Sunjo.
When he was the the Crown Prince, King Jeongjo met Hong Guk-yeong (홍국영, 洪國榮), a controversial politician who first strongly supported Jeongjo's accession and toiled to improve the king's power, but ended up being expelled because of his desire for power.
Jeongjo spent much of his reign trying to clear his father's name. He also moved the court to the city of Suwon to be closer to his father's grave. He built Hwaseong Fortress to guard the tomb. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
ACCESION
His era was quite in disorder as his father was forcefully killed. King Yeongjo's ultimate decision to execute Prince Sado was greatly influenced by other politicians who were against Prince Sado.
From this, he went through many turbulent times but overcame them with the aid of Hong Guk-yeong.
RENAISSANCE
King Jeongjo led the new renaissance of Joseon dynasty. It was originally stepped by continuing policy of Tangpyeong, Yeongjo's. He tried to control whole politics of the nation for acquisition of national progress.
He made various reforms throughout his reign, notably establishing Kyujanggak (규장각), an imperial library. However, its purpose was to improve the cultural and political stance of Joseon and to recruit gifted officers to run the nation. He also spearheaded bold new social initiatives, opening government positions to those who were barred because of their social status. In Joseon Korea, a man who was born of a yangban (nobility) father and a cheonmin (low status) mother was prohibited by law by seeking government employment, because of the perceived "taint" of half-blood. Also, it was created to lessen the grip of various wealthy aristocrats and relatives of the queen, which had occurred various times throughout Korea's history. Jeongjo had the support of the many Silhak scholars, in addition to Silhak scholars aid of Jeongjo's regal power, and during the Jeongjo's reign Joseon's popular culture became advance.
DEATH
He got the wide historical title of innovative people in spite of having such high status in Joseon. In the era of Jeongjo, other nations had shown much progress such several civil wars. But he did not achieve further achievement owing to sudden death. He died suddenly in 1800 for a mysterious reason, without seeing his lifelong wishes realized by his son, Sunjo. There are many books regarding the mysterious death of Jeongjo, even today.
He is buried with his wife at the royal tomb of Geonneung (건릉, 健陵) in the city of Hwaseong.
FAMILY
Father: Prince Sado (사도세자, 1735-1762)
Mother: Queen Heongyeong of the Hong clan (헌경왕후 홍씨, 1735-1815)
Consorts:
1. Queen Hyoui of the Kim clan (효의왕후 김씨, 1753-1821)
2. Royal Noble Consort Won of the Hong clan (원빈 홍씨, 1766-1779)
3. Royal Noble Consort Hwa of the Yun clan (화빈 윤씨, 1765-1824)
4. Royal Noble Consort Ui of the Seong clan (의빈 성씨, 1753-1786)
5. Royal Noble Consort Su of the Park clan (수빈 박씨, 1770-1822)
Issue:
1. Prince Sanggye (상계군, 1770-1786), An Adoptive Son of Royal Noble Consort Won of the Hong clan.
2. Prince Successor Munhyo (문효세자, 1782-1786), Only Son of Royal Noble Consort Ui of the Seong clan.
3. Sunjo of Joseon (순조 ,1790-1834), Only Son of Royal Noble Consort Su of the Park clan.
4. A daughter of Royal Noble Consort Ui of the Seong clan
5. Princess Sukseon (숙선옹주, 1793-1836) Only daughter of Royal Noble Consort Su of the Park clan.
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