15-07-2009, Saat: 13:49
(Son Düzenleme: 18-08-2010, Saat: 17:30, Düzenleyen: Dae JaNG GeuM.)
Bak Hyeokgeose Geoseogan /박혁거세 거서간
![[Resim: 80834753.png]](http://img195.imageshack.us/img195/949/80834753.png)
Hakkinda:
Genelde Bak Hyeokgeose olarak adlandirilan Kral Hyeokgeose; Kore’nin üç kralligindan biri olan Silla Kralligi’nin kurucusudur.Kral Hyeokgeose,Kore’deki tüm Bak soyunun atasidir.
Lakabi olan Geoseogan ya da Geoseulhan Kore Yarimadasi’nin güney dogusunda yer alan reislik grubu olan Jinhan birliginin dilinde “Kral” anlamina gelmektedir.
Bir efsaneye göre Kral Hyeokgeose balkabagi seklindeki bir yumurtadan dünyaya gelmistir ve bu efsane dogrultusunda soy ismi olan Bak ise;Korece bir kelime olan “Su Kabagi” anlamina gelmektedir.
“Hyeokgeose” onun kisisel ismi degil,antik Korece’de “aydinlik dünya” anlamina gelen ve “Bulgeunae” diye telafuz edilen; hanja alfabesindeki takma adidir.
Tarihi kayitlari içinde barindiran Samgug Sagi ve Samgug Yusa kitaplarinda da Hyeokgeose tarafindan kurulan Silla Kralligi tasvir edilmekte;anlatilmaktadir.
Gojoseon’lu siginmacilar,bugün Güney Kore’nin Gyeongsang diye adlandirilan sehrinde bulunan Yangsan, Goheo, Jinji, Daesu, Gari ve Goya isimlerindeki 6 köyde yasamaktaydilar.
M.Ö 69 yilinda,Bbui 6 reisligin baskanlari yeni bir krallik kurmak ve bu kurulacak olan kralliga bir kral tayin etmek üzere bir görüsme yaparlar. Yangsan’da Najeong diye adlandirilan yerdeki ormanda gökyüzünden garip bir isik saçilir ve beyaz bir at egilir. Goheon’un reisi Reis Sobeolgong orada büyükçe bir yumurta görür.Yumurtadan bir oglan çocugu çikar ve yikandigi zaman,etrafina isiklar saçmaya baslar; kuslar ve hayvanlar dans ederler.
Sobeolgong o çocugu yetistirir ve 6 reisin hepsi bu çocugu ulu sayip,saygi gösterirler.Reisler,çocuk 13 yasina gelince onu kral(Geoseogan) ilan ederler.Kurulan devlet Seonabeol (ve ya Seorabeol ve ya Seobeol ve ya Sara ve ya Saro) olarak adlandirilir.
Kral oldugu zaman,bir ejderhanin kaburgalarindan dünyaya geldigi söylenen Bayan Aryeong ile evlendirilir.
Bu efsane site devleti devrinde,6 reisligin Gojoseon’lu siginmacilardan kayip bir grubu anlattigi gelismeleri yansitmaktadir.Bu hikaye Bak kabilesinin yerel halk üstündeki hakimiyetini ifade etmekte ve at ve günese olan inanci göstermektedir.
Önceleri Mahan birligi olan fakat daha sonra Baekje kralliginca hakimiyet içine alinan Samhan dönemi boyunca,Jinhan birligi tarafindan yarimadanin güneydogusu isgal edilirken; merkez ve güneybatisi da Silla kralligi tarafindan isgal edilir. Hyeokgeose’nin hükümdarligi süresince Silla,bugün Gyeongju sehir bölgesi olarak bilinen Jinhan topraklariyla sinirlandirilmistir;Silla’nin genislemesi daha sonradan Jinhan’i asacaktir.
Samguk Sagi, Silla’nin üstünlügünü ve diger rakip iki krallik olan Goguryeo ve Baekje kralliklarindan köklülügünü(eskiligini) iddia eden bir sekilde, tamamiyla Silla’nin bakis açisindan yazildigi için; kurulus tarihi bugün hala genis çapta tartisilmaktadir.Goguryeo’nun ilk kuruldugu ve onun pesine Baekje ve en son da Silla’nin kuruldugu düsünülmektedir.
Samgug Sagi’ye göre; Kral Hyeokgeose kraliçesi ile beraber M.Ö 41 yilinda,halkin ürün hasatini gelistirmek için krallikta gezintiye çikarlar.Halk bu durum üzerine onlari “Kutsal Ikili” olarak över.
M.Ö 37 yilinda Hyeokgeose,bugün Gyeongju olarak bilinen Geumseong’u baskent yapar ve M.Ö 32 yilinda burada bir kraliyet sarayi yaptirir.
M.Ö 28 yilinda Çin’in Lelang Ordusu buraya saldirir fakat halkin,yahil bollugundan memnun oldugunu ve geceleri bile kimsenin kapisini kilitlemedigini görünce,Silla’yi dürüst,ahlakli olarak tanimlar ve geri çekilir.
M.Ö 20 yilinda,Mahan birliginin krali vergi ister,bunun üzerine Silla Hogong’u gönderir. Kral,Silla’nin vergi göndermemesine sinirlenir ve çikisir ;fakat Hogong,büyük bir cesaretle kralin nezaketsizce tavrini elestirir.Kral sinirlenir ve onu öldürmeye yeltenir;fakat etrafini kusatan teba krali durdurur ve kral onun eve gitmesine izin verir.
M.Ö 19 yilinda Hyeokgeose,Kral Mahan’in ölümü üzerine bir elçi gönderir.M.Ö 5 yilinda,dogu Okjeo (kuzeyin küçük bir vilayeti ,sonradan Goguryeo tarafindan isgal edilir) bir elçi gönderir ve Kral Hyeokgeose ona 20 at sunar.
Hyeokgeose yaklasik 60 yil hüküm sürer ve 668 yilinda Kore Yarimadasi’nin çogunu birlestirecek bir kralligin ilk temellerini atar.
Park Hyeokgeose kralligi control altinda tutmayi sürdürür ve Silla üzerinde tam güce sahip birkaç Park adli yöneticiden biri olur.
73 yasinda hayata gözlerini yumar ve bugün Gyeongju’daki Namcheon sehrinin güneyi olan Dameomsa kuzeyindeki Sareung’da gömülür.Hyeokgeosa’nin ardindan oglu Namhae tahta geçer.
Bak Hyeokgeosa hakkinda çok sey bilinmemesine ragmen, ondan kalan birçok miras ve kalinti bugüne dek ulasmistir.Bunlardan biri,onun sayisiz torunu olan ve yaygin olan bu soy isimle Kore’deki 3. Büyük toplulugu olusturan Park zürriyetidir.Bir diger mirasi ise kurdugu kralliktir.Ondan sonra gelen nesli,torunlari,Silla’nin üzerindeki güçlerini kaybetseler de,Silla’nin kurucusu oldugu için ona karsi olan derin saygi ve ilgi degismemistir.
Çeviri: sark_gunesi
________________________________________________________________________________
English (Orginal Writing)
Hyeokgeose of Silla (69 BCE - 4 CE, r. 57 BCE–4 CE), commonly called Bak Hyeokgeose, was the founding monarch of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He is the progenitor of all Bak clans in Korea.
His title Geoseogan (거서간, 居西干) or Geoseulhan (거슬한, 居瑟邯), means "King" in the language of the Jinhan confederacy, the group of chiefdoms in the southeast of the Korean Peninsula.
His surname was Bak, which comes from the Korean word for "gourd", as legend says that he was born from an egg shaped like a gourd.
"Hyeokgeose" was not a personal name, but the hanja for his honorific name, pronounced "Bulgeunae" (불그내) in archaic Korean, meaning "bright world."
The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa describes the founding of Silla by Hyeokgeose.
Refugees of Gojoseon lived in the valleys of present-day Gyeongsang-do, South Korea, in six villages called Yangsan (양산촌, 楊山村), Goheo (고허촌, 高墟村), Jinji (진지촌, 珍支村), Daesu (대수촌, 大樹村), Gari (가리촌, 加利村), and Goya (고야촌, 高耶村) [1]
In 69 BCE, the heads of the six chiefdoms gathered to discuss forming a kingdom and selecting a king. In the forest, at a well called Najeong (나정, 蘿井) at Yangsan (양산, 楊山), a strange light shone from the sky, and a white horse was bowed down. Chief Sobeolgong of the Goheo village discovered a large egg there. A boy came out of the egg, and when bathed, his body radiated light and birds and beasts danced.
Sobeolgong raised him, and the six chieftains revered him. The chieftains made him king (Geoseogan) when he became 13 years old. The nation was named Seonabeol 서나벌(徐那伐) (also Seorabeol, Seobeol, Sara, or Saro).
Upon becoming king, he married Lady Aryeong (알영, 閼英), who is said to have been born from the ribs of a dragon
This legend reflects developments in the city-state stage, the six chieftains representing a loose group of Gojoseon refugees. The story implies the ascendency of the Bak clan over the native peoples, and may indicate horse and sun worship.
During the Samhan period, the Mahan confederacy, later absorbed into the Baekje kingdom, occupied the central and southwestern part of the peninsula, while the Jinhan confederacy occupied the southeast. During Hyeokgeose's reign, Silla was probably limited to the present-day Gyeongju city region of Jinhan territory; Silla's expansion would later overtake the Jinhan.
The founding date is widely questioned today, as the Samguk Sagi was written from the viewpoint of Silla, claiming Silla's superiority and antiquity over the rival Goguryeo and Baekje kingdoms. Goguryeo is thought to have been founded the earliest, followed by Baekje, and then Silla.
According to the Samguk Sagi, Hyeokgeose and his queen traveled the realm in 41 BCE, helping the people improve their harvests. The people praised them as the Two Holies (이성, 二聖).
In 37 BCE Hyeokgeose built Geumseong (금성, 金城) in the capital city (present-day Gyeongju), and in 32 BCE he built a royal palace inside.
The Chinese Lelang commandery invaded in 28 BCE but seeing that the people enjoyed piles of grain and did not lock their doors at night, called Silla a moral nation and retreated.
In 20 BCE, the king of the Mahan confederacy demanded a tribute, and Silla sent Hogong. The king scolded that Silla did not sent a tribute, but Hogong criticized the king's impoliteness with fortitude. The king was angry at him and tried to kill him, but surrounding subordinates stopped the king, and he was permitted the his homecoming.
In 20 BCE, Hyeokgeose also sent an emissary upon the death of the Mahan king in 19 BCE. In 5 BCE, East Okjeo (a small state to the north, later conquered by Goguryeo) sent an emissary, and Hyeokgeose presented him with 20 horses.
Hyeokgeose ruled for around 60 years, and set the foundation for a kingdom that would unify much of the Korean Peninsula in 668.
Park Hyeokgeose maintained control over his kingdom and was one of the few Park rulers to hold complete power over Silla.
He died at age 73, and was buried in Sareung, north of Dameomsa (south of present-day Namcheon of Gyeongju). Hyeokgeose was succeeded by his eldest son Namhae.
Though not much is known about Bak Hyeokgeose, his many legacies and reminders survive to this day. One of them being his numerous descendants, the Park clans of Korea, who are numbered as the third largest group of people with a common last name. Another legacy was the kingdom that he established. Despite the fact that his descendants eventually lost power over Silla, the fact that he founded it remained under high respects and great consideration.
Kaynak: Wickipedia
![[Resim: majeste2.gif]](http://img132.imageshack.us/img132/5369/majeste2.gif)
![[Resim: 80834753.png]](http://img195.imageshack.us/img195/949/80834753.png)
Hakkinda:
Genelde Bak Hyeokgeose olarak adlandirilan Kral Hyeokgeose; Kore’nin üç kralligindan biri olan Silla Kralligi’nin kurucusudur.Kral Hyeokgeose,Kore’deki tüm Bak soyunun atasidir.
Lakabi olan Geoseogan ya da Geoseulhan Kore Yarimadasi’nin güney dogusunda yer alan reislik grubu olan Jinhan birliginin dilinde “Kral” anlamina gelmektedir.
Bir efsaneye göre Kral Hyeokgeose balkabagi seklindeki bir yumurtadan dünyaya gelmistir ve bu efsane dogrultusunda soy ismi olan Bak ise;Korece bir kelime olan “Su Kabagi” anlamina gelmektedir.
“Hyeokgeose” onun kisisel ismi degil,antik Korece’de “aydinlik dünya” anlamina gelen ve “Bulgeunae” diye telafuz edilen; hanja alfabesindeki takma adidir.
Tarihi kayitlari içinde barindiran Samgug Sagi ve Samgug Yusa kitaplarinda da Hyeokgeose tarafindan kurulan Silla Kralligi tasvir edilmekte;anlatilmaktadir.
Gojoseon’lu siginmacilar,bugün Güney Kore’nin Gyeongsang diye adlandirilan sehrinde bulunan Yangsan, Goheo, Jinji, Daesu, Gari ve Goya isimlerindeki 6 köyde yasamaktaydilar.
M.Ö 69 yilinda,Bbui 6 reisligin baskanlari yeni bir krallik kurmak ve bu kurulacak olan kralliga bir kral tayin etmek üzere bir görüsme yaparlar. Yangsan’da Najeong diye adlandirilan yerdeki ormanda gökyüzünden garip bir isik saçilir ve beyaz bir at egilir. Goheon’un reisi Reis Sobeolgong orada büyükçe bir yumurta görür.Yumurtadan bir oglan çocugu çikar ve yikandigi zaman,etrafina isiklar saçmaya baslar; kuslar ve hayvanlar dans ederler.
Sobeolgong o çocugu yetistirir ve 6 reisin hepsi bu çocugu ulu sayip,saygi gösterirler.Reisler,çocuk 13 yasina gelince onu kral(Geoseogan) ilan ederler.Kurulan devlet Seonabeol (ve ya Seorabeol ve ya Seobeol ve ya Sara ve ya Saro) olarak adlandirilir.
Kral oldugu zaman,bir ejderhanin kaburgalarindan dünyaya geldigi söylenen Bayan Aryeong ile evlendirilir.
Bu efsane site devleti devrinde,6 reisligin Gojoseon’lu siginmacilardan kayip bir grubu anlattigi gelismeleri yansitmaktadir.Bu hikaye Bak kabilesinin yerel halk üstündeki hakimiyetini ifade etmekte ve at ve günese olan inanci göstermektedir.
Önceleri Mahan birligi olan fakat daha sonra Baekje kralliginca hakimiyet içine alinan Samhan dönemi boyunca,Jinhan birligi tarafindan yarimadanin güneydogusu isgal edilirken; merkez ve güneybatisi da Silla kralligi tarafindan isgal edilir. Hyeokgeose’nin hükümdarligi süresince Silla,bugün Gyeongju sehir bölgesi olarak bilinen Jinhan topraklariyla sinirlandirilmistir;Silla’nin genislemesi daha sonradan Jinhan’i asacaktir.
Samguk Sagi, Silla’nin üstünlügünü ve diger rakip iki krallik olan Goguryeo ve Baekje kralliklarindan köklülügünü(eskiligini) iddia eden bir sekilde, tamamiyla Silla’nin bakis açisindan yazildigi için; kurulus tarihi bugün hala genis çapta tartisilmaktadir.Goguryeo’nun ilk kuruldugu ve onun pesine Baekje ve en son da Silla’nin kuruldugu düsünülmektedir.
Samgug Sagi’ye göre; Kral Hyeokgeose kraliçesi ile beraber M.Ö 41 yilinda,halkin ürün hasatini gelistirmek için krallikta gezintiye çikarlar.Halk bu durum üzerine onlari “Kutsal Ikili” olarak över.
M.Ö 37 yilinda Hyeokgeose,bugün Gyeongju olarak bilinen Geumseong’u baskent yapar ve M.Ö 32 yilinda burada bir kraliyet sarayi yaptirir.
M.Ö 28 yilinda Çin’in Lelang Ordusu buraya saldirir fakat halkin,yahil bollugundan memnun oldugunu ve geceleri bile kimsenin kapisini kilitlemedigini görünce,Silla’yi dürüst,ahlakli olarak tanimlar ve geri çekilir.
M.Ö 20 yilinda,Mahan birliginin krali vergi ister,bunun üzerine Silla Hogong’u gönderir. Kral,Silla’nin vergi göndermemesine sinirlenir ve çikisir ;fakat Hogong,büyük bir cesaretle kralin nezaketsizce tavrini elestirir.Kral sinirlenir ve onu öldürmeye yeltenir;fakat etrafini kusatan teba krali durdurur ve kral onun eve gitmesine izin verir.
M.Ö 19 yilinda Hyeokgeose,Kral Mahan’in ölümü üzerine bir elçi gönderir.M.Ö 5 yilinda,dogu Okjeo (kuzeyin küçük bir vilayeti ,sonradan Goguryeo tarafindan isgal edilir) bir elçi gönderir ve Kral Hyeokgeose ona 20 at sunar.
Hyeokgeose yaklasik 60 yil hüküm sürer ve 668 yilinda Kore Yarimadasi’nin çogunu birlestirecek bir kralligin ilk temellerini atar.
Park Hyeokgeose kralligi control altinda tutmayi sürdürür ve Silla üzerinde tam güce sahip birkaç Park adli yöneticiden biri olur.
73 yasinda hayata gözlerini yumar ve bugün Gyeongju’daki Namcheon sehrinin güneyi olan Dameomsa kuzeyindeki Sareung’da gömülür.Hyeokgeosa’nin ardindan oglu Namhae tahta geçer.
Bak Hyeokgeosa hakkinda çok sey bilinmemesine ragmen, ondan kalan birçok miras ve kalinti bugüne dek ulasmistir.Bunlardan biri,onun sayisiz torunu olan ve yaygin olan bu soy isimle Kore’deki 3. Büyük toplulugu olusturan Park zürriyetidir.Bir diger mirasi ise kurdugu kralliktir.Ondan sonra gelen nesli,torunlari,Silla’nin üzerindeki güçlerini kaybetseler de,Silla’nin kurucusu oldugu için ona karsi olan derin saygi ve ilgi degismemistir.
Çeviri: sark_gunesi
________________________________________________________________________________
English (Orginal Writing)
Hyeokgeose of Silla (69 BCE - 4 CE, r. 57 BCE–4 CE), commonly called Bak Hyeokgeose, was the founding monarch of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He is the progenitor of all Bak clans in Korea.
His title Geoseogan (거서간, 居西干) or Geoseulhan (거슬한, 居瑟邯), means "King" in the language of the Jinhan confederacy, the group of chiefdoms in the southeast of the Korean Peninsula.
His surname was Bak, which comes from the Korean word for "gourd", as legend says that he was born from an egg shaped like a gourd.
"Hyeokgeose" was not a personal name, but the hanja for his honorific name, pronounced "Bulgeunae" (불그내) in archaic Korean, meaning "bright world."
The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa describes the founding of Silla by Hyeokgeose.
Refugees of Gojoseon lived in the valleys of present-day Gyeongsang-do, South Korea, in six villages called Yangsan (양산촌, 楊山村), Goheo (고허촌, 高墟村), Jinji (진지촌, 珍支村), Daesu (대수촌, 大樹村), Gari (가리촌, 加利村), and Goya (고야촌, 高耶村) [1]
In 69 BCE, the heads of the six chiefdoms gathered to discuss forming a kingdom and selecting a king. In the forest, at a well called Najeong (나정, 蘿井) at Yangsan (양산, 楊山), a strange light shone from the sky, and a white horse was bowed down. Chief Sobeolgong of the Goheo village discovered a large egg there. A boy came out of the egg, and when bathed, his body radiated light and birds and beasts danced.
Sobeolgong raised him, and the six chieftains revered him. The chieftains made him king (Geoseogan) when he became 13 years old. The nation was named Seonabeol 서나벌(徐那伐) (also Seorabeol, Seobeol, Sara, or Saro).
Upon becoming king, he married Lady Aryeong (알영, 閼英), who is said to have been born from the ribs of a dragon
This legend reflects developments in the city-state stage, the six chieftains representing a loose group of Gojoseon refugees. The story implies the ascendency of the Bak clan over the native peoples, and may indicate horse and sun worship.
During the Samhan period, the Mahan confederacy, later absorbed into the Baekje kingdom, occupied the central and southwestern part of the peninsula, while the Jinhan confederacy occupied the southeast. During Hyeokgeose's reign, Silla was probably limited to the present-day Gyeongju city region of Jinhan territory; Silla's expansion would later overtake the Jinhan.
The founding date is widely questioned today, as the Samguk Sagi was written from the viewpoint of Silla, claiming Silla's superiority and antiquity over the rival Goguryeo and Baekje kingdoms. Goguryeo is thought to have been founded the earliest, followed by Baekje, and then Silla.
According to the Samguk Sagi, Hyeokgeose and his queen traveled the realm in 41 BCE, helping the people improve their harvests. The people praised them as the Two Holies (이성, 二聖).
In 37 BCE Hyeokgeose built Geumseong (금성, 金城) in the capital city (present-day Gyeongju), and in 32 BCE he built a royal palace inside.
The Chinese Lelang commandery invaded in 28 BCE but seeing that the people enjoyed piles of grain and did not lock their doors at night, called Silla a moral nation and retreated.
In 20 BCE, the king of the Mahan confederacy demanded a tribute, and Silla sent Hogong. The king scolded that Silla did not sent a tribute, but Hogong criticized the king's impoliteness with fortitude. The king was angry at him and tried to kill him, but surrounding subordinates stopped the king, and he was permitted the his homecoming.
In 20 BCE, Hyeokgeose also sent an emissary upon the death of the Mahan king in 19 BCE. In 5 BCE, East Okjeo (a small state to the north, later conquered by Goguryeo) sent an emissary, and Hyeokgeose presented him with 20 horses.
Hyeokgeose ruled for around 60 years, and set the foundation for a kingdom that would unify much of the Korean Peninsula in 668.
Park Hyeokgeose maintained control over his kingdom and was one of the few Park rulers to hold complete power over Silla.
He died at age 73, and was buried in Sareung, north of Dameomsa (south of present-day Namcheon of Gyeongju). Hyeokgeose was succeeded by his eldest son Namhae.
Though not much is known about Bak Hyeokgeose, his many legacies and reminders survive to this day. One of them being his numerous descendants, the Park clans of Korea, who are numbered as the third largest group of people with a common last name. Another legacy was the kingdom that he established. Despite the fact that his descendants eventually lost power over Silla, the fact that he founded it remained under high respects and great consideration.
Kaynak: Wickipedia
![[Resim: majeste2.gif]](http://img132.imageshack.us/img132/5369/majeste2.gif)
![[Resim: majeste.jpg]](http://img151.imageshack.us/img151/2824/majeste.jpg)